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https://codas.org.br/article/doi/10.1590/2317-1782/20242023108
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Influência da Anquiloglossia neonatal na amamentação exclusiva nos seis primeiros meses de vida: estudo de coorte

Influence of Neonatal Ankyloglossia on exclusive breastfeeding in the six first months of life: a cohort study

Christyann Lima Campos Batista; Alex Luiz Pozzobon Pereira

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/20242023108 CoDAS, vol.36, n3, e20230108, 2024
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Resumo

Objetivo: Analisar a influência da anquiloglossia na prevalência e no tempo de exclusividade do aleitamento materno de lactentes a termo até o sexto mês de vida. Métodos: Estudo de coorte prospectivo, realizado com 225 díades mãe-bebê que foram acompanhadas nos seis primeiros meses de vida em centro especializado em amamentação em um hospital terciário. Lactentes a termo com anquiloglossia do tipo assintomática (sem necessidade de cirurgia) foram comparados com lactentes sem alteração em um acompanhamento mensal. O diagnóstico de anquiloglossia foi realizado através do Bristol Tongue Assessment Tool, sendo considerados com diagnóstico positivo aqueles com escore menores ou iguais a 5 considerando os aspectos funcionais e anatômicos. As análises estatísticas foram realizadas através de estatística descritiva, regressão logística (determinantes do desmame), risco relativo e curvas de sobrevivência (para analisar o tempo de aleitamento entre os grupos com e sem anquiloglossia). Resultados: A anquiloglossia esteve associada com o desmame (considerado ainda que parcial) antes do sexto mês de vida. Após análise ajustada, foi detectado maior risco de desmame nos lactentes com a alteração presente, com risco presente a partir do segundo mês de vida. Na análise de sobrevida, o tempo de aleitamento nos lactentes com anquiloglossia foi menor quando comparadas às crianças sem alteração. Conclusão: Em comparação com lactentes com freio lingual normal, os bebês com anquiloglossia apresentaram tempo menor de aleitamento exclusivo, porém bem acima da média observada na população geral. O risco de desmame para este grupo também foi maior.

Palavras-chave

Anquiloglossia; Aleitamento Materno; Desmame; Estudos de Coortes; Prevalência; Lactente

Abstract

Purpose: To analyze the influence of ankyloglossia on the prevalence and duration of exclusive breastfeeding of full-term infants up to the sixth month of life. Methods: Prospective cohort study, carried out with 225 motherinfant dyads who were followed up in the first six months of life in a center specialized in breastfeeding in a tertiary hospital. Full-term infants with asymptomatic ankyloglossia (no need for surgery) were compared with infants without change at monthly follow-up. Ankyloglossia was diagnosed using the Bristol Tongue Assessment Tool, with a positive diagnosis being considered for those with a score less than or equal to 5 considering functional and anatomical aspects. Statistical analyzes were performed using descriptive statistics, logistic regression (weaning determinants), relative risk, and survival curves (to analyze breastfeeding duration between groups with and without ankyloglossia). Results: Ankyloglossia was associated with weaning (considered even partial) before the sixth month of life. After adjusted analysis, a higher risk of weaning was detected in infants with this alteration, with a risk present from the second month of life. In the survival analysis, the duration of breastfeeding in infants with ankyloglossia was shorter when compared to children without alterations. Conclusion: Compared to infants with normal lingual frenulum, babies with ankyloglossia had shorter exclusive breastfeeding time, but well above the average observed in the general population. The risk of weaning for this group was also higher.

Keywords

Ankyloglossia; Breastfeeding; Weaning; Cohort Studies; Prevalence; Infant

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Submetido em:
08/05/2023

Aceito em:
25/09/2023

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