Um levantamento das estratégias para o diagnóstico precoce da perda auditiva em lactentes: uma revisão de escopo
A survey of strategies for the early diagnosis of hearing loss in infants: a scoping review
Allan Dayner Silva Lopes; Antônio Pereira de Carvalho Filho; Sanmara de Andrade Silva; Rodrigo Oliveira da Fonseca; Maiara Cristine Oliveira de Almeida; Maria Helena Medeiros de Sá Lima Lucena; Karinna Veríssimo Meira Taveira; Hannalice Gottschalck Cavalcanti
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/e20250375pt
CoDAS, vol.38, n5, e20250375, 2026
Resumo
Objetivo: Mapear as estratégias utilizadas para o diagnóstico precoce da perda auditiva em lactentes. Estratégia de pesquisa: A busca bibliográfica foi realizada nas bases PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, LILACS, Google Scholar e ProQuest, sem restrição de idioma ou período de publicação, inicialmente realizada em outubro de 2024 e atualizada em janeiro de 2026. Utilizados descritores controlados (DeCS/MeSH) e palavras-chave relacionados à perda auditiva, triagem auditiva neonatal e diagnóstico precoce. O protocolo foi registrado na Open Science Framework. Critérios de seleção: Foram incluídos estudos primários que abordaram estratégias de diagnóstico precoce da deficiência auditiva em crianças de até dois anos. Excluíram-se estudos secundários, relatos de caso, diretrizes, artigos duplicados ou sem texto completo. A seleção foi realizada por revisores independentes, com consenso em caso de divergência. Análise dos dados: As informações extraídas abrangeram delineamento, população, instrumentos utilizados, estratégias diagnósticas e contexto assistencial. A síntese foi descritiva e narrativa, com agrupamento das evidências por tipo de abordagem. Resultados: Dos 16.946 registros identificados, 58 estudos, publicados entre 1991 e 2025, atenderam aos critérios de elegibilidade. Predominaram estratégias baseadas na Triagem Auditiva Neonatal Universal (TANU), com associação entre emissões otoacústicas e potencial evocado auditivo de tronco encefálico automatizado. Estratégias complementares incluíram protocolos em dois estágios, reteste precoce, programas comunitários, triagem genética e exames eletrofisiológicos adicionais. Observou-se variabilidade na operacionalização dos protocolos e persistência de desigualdades estruturais. Conclusão: A TANU permanece como eixo central do diagnóstico precoce da perda auditiva em lactentes, com efetividade dependente da organização dos fluxos assistenciais e da integração entre triagem, diagnóstico e acompanhamento.
Palavras-chave
Triagem Neonatal; Perda Auditiva; Bebê; Diagnóstico Precoce; Revisão de Escopo
Abstract
Purpose: To map the strategies used for the early diagnosis of hearing loss in infants. Research strategies: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, LILACS, Google Scholar, and ProQuest, with no restrictions on language or publication period. The search was initially performed in October 2024 and updated in January 2026. Controlled descriptors (DeCS/MeSH) and keywords related to hearing loss, newborn hearing screening, and early diagnosis were used. The protocol was registered in the Open Science Framework. Selection criteria: Primary studies addressing strategies for the early diagnosis of hearing loss in children up to two years of age were included. Secondary studies, case reports, guidelines, duplicate publications, and studies without full-text availability were excluded. Study selection was performed independently by reviewers, with disagreements resolved by consensus. Data analysis: Extracted data included study design, population, diagnostic instruments, strategies, and care setting. A descriptive and narrative synthesis was conducted, grouping evidence according to diagnostic approaches. Results: Of the 16,946 records identified, 58 studies published between 1991 and 2025 met the eligibility criteria. Universal Newborn Hearing Screening (UNHS) predominated, particularly protocols combining otoacoustic emissions and automated auditory brainstem response. Complementary strategies included two-stage screening, early retesting, community-based programs, genetic screening, and additional electrophysiological assessments. Variability in protocol implementation and persistent structural inequalities were observed. Conclusion: UNHS remains the cornerstone of early diagnosis of hearing loss in infants, with effectiveness dependent on well-organized care pathways and integration between screening, diagnosis, and follow-up.
Keywords
Neonatal Screening; Hearing Loss; Infant; Early Diagnosis; Scoping Review
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» https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joto.2024.01.002
Submetido em:
14/10/2025
Aceito em:
18/02/2026
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