CoDAS
https://codas.org.br/article/doi/10.1590/2317-1782/e20250336pt
CoDAS
Revisão Crítica ou Revisão de Escopo

Fatores de risco e métodos avaliativos para rastreamento dos transtornos da fluência com início na infância: uma revisão de escopo

Risk factors and assessment methods for screening childhood-onset fluency disorders: a scoping review

Mayra Maria Oliveira de Lima; Heloísa de Oliveira dos Anjos; Thaíse Sara Costa Dias; Débora Vasconcelos Correia; Cristiane Moço Canhetti de Oliveira

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Resumo

Objetivo: Mapear o estado da arte sobre os fatores de risco e métodos avaliativos utilizados no rastreamento dos transtornos da fluência em pré-escolares. Estratégia de pesquisa: Revisão de escopo conforme o Instituto Joanna Briggs e checklist PRISMA-ScR. A questão norteadora foi: Quais os fatores de risco e métodos avaliativos utilizados no rastreamento dos transtornos da fluência (gagueira e taquifemia) em pré-escolares na literatura internacional? A estratégia PCC orientou a busca com descritores MESH e termos livres nas bases Lilacs, Pubmed/Medline, Scopus e ScienceDirect, entre 2020 e 2025, sem restrição de idioma. Critérios de seleção: Incluíram-se artigos originais disponíveis na íntegra que respondessem a pelo menos uma questão de pesquisa. Excluíram-se publicações não científicas, secundárias, sem resumo, fora do escopo conceitual e populacional, ou com co-ocorrência de outros transtornos. Análise dos dados: Os dados foram analisados descritivamente e sintetizados narrativamente. Resultados: Identificaram-se 2.091 publicações, após remoção de duplicatas e aplicação dos critérios, 11 artigos foram incluídos. Não foram encontrados estudos sobre fatores de risco para taquifemia. Para a gagueira, mapeou-se 14 fatores de risco mais preditivos relacionados às funções e estruturas do corpo e fatores contextuais. Apenas dois instrumentos padronizados de rastreamento foram identificados, ambos brasileiros: Protocolo de Risco para Gagueira do Desenvolvimento e Instrumento de Rastreio para a Gagueira do Desenvolvimento. Conclusão: Estudos sobre fatores de risco para taquifemia em pré-escolares mostram-se ausentes. Para a gagueira, fatores biológicos e contextuais se destacam. A maioria dos métodos avaliativos disponíveis são limitados ao uso do fonoaudiólogo, evidenciando lacunas para pesquisas futuras.

Palavras-chave

Fatores de Risco; Gagueira; Transtorno da Fluência com Início na Infância; Desenvolvimento Infantil; Saúde da Criança; Fonoaudiologia; Revisão de Escopo

Abstract

Purpose: To map the state of the art regarding risk factors and assessment methods employed in the screening of fluency disorders in preschool children. Research strategies: A scoping review was conducted in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines and the PRISMA-ScR checklist. The guiding question was: What are the risk factors and assessment methods used in the screening of fluency disorders (stuttering and cluttering) in preschoolers, as reported in the international literature? The PCC strategy guided the search, using MeSH descriptors and free terms across the Lilacs, PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and ScienceDirect databases, from 2020 to 2025, with no language restrictions. Selection criteria: Original full-text articles addressing at least one research question were included. Exclusion criteria comprised non-scientific or secondary publications, studies without abstracts, those outside the conceptual or population scope, and those involving co-occurring disorders. Data analysis: Data were analyzed descriptively and synthesized narratively. Results: A total of 2,091 publications were identified; after duplicate removal and eligibility screening, 11 articles were included. No studies on risk factors for cluttering were found. For stuttering, 14 predictive risk factors were mapped, related to body functions and structures as well as contextual factors. Only two standardized screening tools were identified, both developed in Brazil: the Developmental Stuttering Risk Protocol and the Developmental Stuttering Screening Instrument. Conclusion: Evidence on risk factors for cluttering in preschoolers is lacking. For stuttering, biological and contextual factors emerged as key predictors. Most available assessment methods are restricted to use by speech-language pathologists, highlighting gaps and opportunities for future research.

Keywords

Risk Factors; Stuttering; Childhood-Onset Fluency Disorder; Child Development; Child Health; Speech-Language Pathology; Scoping Review

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