CoDAS
https://codas.org.br/article/doi/10.1590/2317-1782/e20250151pt
CoDAS
Original Article

Testes comportamentais do processamento auditivo: um estudo sobre valores de referência para adultos normo-ouvintes

Behavioral tests of auditory processing: a study on reference values for normal-hearing adults

Sthella Zanchetta; Laura Caetano Meneghelli; Pamela Papile Lunardelo

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/e20250151pt CoDAS, vol.38, n3, e20250151, 2026
PDF Português
PDF English
PDF
SciELO
Downloads: 0
Views: 12

Resumo

RESUMO: Objetivo: Analisar e comparar os resultados dos testes clínicos para avaliação do processamento auditivo (PA) em adultos normo-ouvintes, em função do aumento da idade, e propor valores de referência.

Método: Foram avaliados 116 adultos entre 18 a 59 anos, normo-ouvintes e sem queixas auditivas, todos falantes do português brasileiro como língua materna. Os testes utilizados foram: Masking Level Difference (MLD); Gaps-In-Noise (GIN), Padrão de Frequência (TPF) e Padrão de Duração (TPD); Dicótico de Dígitos (TDD).

Resultados: Os resultados do GIN, TPF e TDD apontaram diferenças significativas a partir dos 40 anos; para o TPD a diferença ocorreu entre 18- 29 anos em relação a 50 a 59 anos; para o TDD orelha direita, a diferença foi a partir dos 50 anos e para orelha esquerda aos 40 anos; MLD foi o único teste em que não foi observada diferença em seus resultados com o aumento da idade.

Conclusão: Houve um declínio no desempenho dos testes com o avanço da idade, anterior à senescência. Constataram-se diferenças nos resultados entre os testes, com necessidade de proposição de valores específicos em função das décadas de vida, com exceção do MLD. Os valores propostos são: MLD, 8-14 dB (18-59 anos); GIN, ≤ 6 ms (18-39 anos) ≤ 8 ms (40-59 anos); TPF ≥ 76,6% (18-39 anos), ≥ 63,0% (40-59 anos); TPD, ≥ 90,3% (18-29 anos), ≥ 80,0% (30-49 anos), ≥ 70,0% (50-59 anos); TDD-OD, ≥ 98,5% (18-49 anos), ≥ 93,2% (50-59 anos); TDD-OE, ≥ 97,5% (18-39 anos), ≥ 95,0% (40-59 anos).

Palavras-chave

Percepção Auditiva, Testes Auditivos, Adultos, Transtornos da Audição, Audiologia

References

1 ASHA: American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. Central auditory processing disorder (practice portal) [Internet]. Rockville: ASHA; 2005 [citado em 2021 Mar 12]. Disponível em: www.asha.org/Practice-Portal/Clinical-Topics/Central-Auditory-Processing-Disorder/

2 AAA: American Academy Of Audiology. Diagnosis, treatment and management of children and adults with central auditory processing disorder [Internet]. Reston: AAA; 2010 [citado em 2019 Jul 24]. Disponível em: http://audiology-web.s3.amazonaws.com/migrated/CAPD%20Guidelines%2082010.pdf_539952af956c79.73897613.pdf

3 BSA: British Society Of Audiology. Position statement and practice guidance—Auditory Processing Disorder (APD) [Internet]. Bathgate: BSA; 2018 [citado em 2021 Mar 12]. Disponível em: www.thebsa.org

4 The Canadian Interorganizational Steering Group For Speech-Language Pathology And Audiology. Central Auditory Processing Disorder: Current Research and Implications for Practice. Ottawa: Canadian Interorganizational Steering Group; 2012.

5 Pereira BS, Resende LM, Jesus LC, Escarce AG, Alves LM. Autopercepção sobre habilidades auditivas e acadêmicas de adultos. CoDAS. 2024;36(3):e20230098. https://doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/20242023098pt. PMid:38896744.

6 Obuchi C, Ogane S, Sato Y, Kaga K. Auditory symptoms and psychological characteristics in adults with auditory processing disorders. J Otol. 2017;12(3):132-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joto.2017.05.001. PMid:29937848.

7 Musiek FE, Chermak GD. Handbook of central auditory processing disorder. 2nd ed. San Diego: Plural Publishing; 2014.

8 Frota S, Pereira LD, Colella-Santos MF. Avaliação do processamento auditivo central: testes comportamentais. In: Schochat E, Giannella A, Samelli AG, Couto CM, Teixeira AR, Durante AS, et al., editors. Tratado de audiologia. São Paulo: Manole; 2022. p. 280-96.

9 Colella-Santos MF, Zanchetta S, Comerlato-Junior G, Schochat E. Processamento auditivo central: do diagnóstico à intervenção. In: Lopes L, Machado APL, Azoni CAS, Benatti JF, Santos RS, Ribeiro VV, et al., editors. Tratado de fonoaudiologia. São paulo: Manole; 2024.

10 Lunardelo PP, Meneghelli LC, Zanchetta S. Self-reported hearing difficulties and speech-in-noise test performance: what can we find behind a “normal” audiogram? CoDAS. 2023;35(6):e20220111. https://doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/20232022111p. PMid:38018646.

11 Sowell ER, Peterson BS, Thompson PM, Welcome SE, Henkenius AI, Toga AW. Mapping cortical change across the human lifespan. Nat Neurosci. 2003;6(3):309-15. https://doi.org/10.1038/nn1008. PMid:12548289.

12 Mukari SZ, Umat C, Othman NI. Effects of age and working memory capacity on pitch pattern sequence test and dichotic listening. Audiol Neurootol. 2010;15(5):303-10. https://doi.org/10.1159/000283007. PMid:20150728.

13 Kumar AU, Sangamanatha AV. Temporal processing abilities across different age groups. J Am Acad Audiol. 2011;22(1):5-12. https://doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.22.1.2. PMid:21419065.

14 Andrade AN, Gil D, Iorio MC. Benchmarks for the dichotic sentence identification test in Brazilian Portuguese for ear and age. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2015;81(5):459-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjorl.2015.07.003. PMid:26277591.

15 Braga BHC, Pereira LD, Dias KZ. Normality tests of temporal resolution: random gap detection test and gaps-in-noise. Rev CEFAC. 2015;17:836-46. https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-021620158114.

16 Fischer ME, Cruickshanks KJ, Nondahl DM, Klein BEK, Klein R, Pankow JS, et al. Dichotic digits test performance across the ages: results from two large epidemiologic cohort studies. Ear Hear. 2017;38(3):314-20. https://doi.org/10.1097/AUD.0000000000000386. PMid:27941404.

17 Goossens T, Vercammen C, Wouters J, van Wieringen A. Masked speech perception across the adult lifespan: impact of age and hearing impairment. Hear Res. 2017;344:109-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heares.2016.11.004. PMid:27845259.

18 Sanju HK, Bohra V, Sinha SK. Speech evoked auditory brain-stem response and gap detection threshold in middle-aged individual. Eur Arch Oto-Rhino-Laryngol. 2017;274(4):2041-8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00405-016-4402-x. PMid:27885514.

19 Sanguebuche TR, Peixe BP, Garcia MV. Behavioral tests in adults: reference values and comparison between groups presenting or not central auditory processing disorder. Rev CEFAC. 2020;22(1):e13718. https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0216/202022113718.

20 Bethlehem RAI, Seidlitz J, White SR, Vogel JW, Anderson KM, Adamson C, et al. Brain charts for the human lifespan. Nature. 2022;604(7906):525-33. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-04554-y. PMid:35388223.

21 Lunardelo PP, Fukuda MTH, Zanchetta S. Age-related listening performance changes across adulthood. Ear Hear. 2025;46(2):408-20. https://doi.org/10.1097/AUD.0000000000001595. PMid:39370558.

22 Corazza MCA. Avaliação do processamento auditivo central em adultos: testes dos padrões tonais auditivos de frequência e testes de padrões tonais auditivos de duração [dissertação]. São Paulo: Universidade Federal de São Paulo; 1998.

23 Samelli AG, Schochat E. The gaps-in-noise test: gap detection thresholds in normal-hearing young adults. Int J Audiol. 2008;47(5):238-45. https://doi.org/10.1080/14992020801908244. PMid:18465408.

24 Arseno VA, Carvalho CA, Castro MP, Duarte SG, Reis ACMB, Marangoni AC, et al. Estudo comparativo dos resultados de testes de resolução temporal em jovens adultos. Rev CEFAC. 2016;18(6):1277-84. https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-021620161864312.

25 Mendes SC, Branco-Barreiro FCA, Frota S. Limiar diferencial de mascaramento: valores de referência em adultos. Audiol Commun Res. 2017;22(0):e1746. https://doi.org/10.1590/2317-6431-2016-1746.

26 WHO: World Health Organization. World report on hearing. Geneva: WHO; 2021.

27 Jerger J. Clinical experience with impedance audiometry. Arch Otolaryngol. 1970;92(4):311-24. https://doi.org/10.1001/archotol.1970.04310040005002. PMid:5455571.

28 Brucki SM, Nitrini R, Caramelli P, Bertolucci PH, Okamoto IH. Sugestões para o uso do mini-exame do estado mental no Brasil. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2003;61(3B):777-81. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0004-282X2003000500014. PMid:14595482.

29 Wilson RH, Moncrieff DW, Townsend EA, Pillion AL. Development of a 500-Hz masking-level difference protocol for clinic use. J Am Acad Audiol. 2003;14(1):1-8. https://doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.14.1.2. PMid:12833923.

30 Musiek FE, Shinn JB, Jirsa R, Bamiou DE, Baran JA, Zaida EP. GIN (Gaps-In-Noise) test performance in subjects with confirmed central auditory nervous system involvement. Ear Hear. 2005;26(6):608-18. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.aud.0000188069.80699.41. PMid:16377996.

31 Auditec. Evaluation manual of pitch pattern sequence and duration pattern sequence. St. Louis: Auditec; 1997.

32 Pereira LD, Schochat E. Testes auditivos comportamentais para avaliação do processamento auditivo. 2nd ed. São Paulo: Pró-Fono; 2011.

33 Neijenhuis KA, Stollman MH, Snik AF, van der Broek P. Development of a central auditory test battery for adults. Audiology. 2001;40(2):69-77. https://doi.org/10.3109/00206090109073102. PMid:11409765.

34 Demanez L, Demanez JP. Central auditory processing assessment. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Belg. 2003;57(4):243-52. PMid:14714942.

35 Fuente A, McPherson B. Auditory processing tests for Spanish-speaking adults: an initial study. Int J Audiol. 2006;45(11):645-59. https://doi.org/10.1080/14992020600937238. PMid:17118907.

36 Majak J, Zamysłowska-Szmytke E, Rajkowska E, Śliwińska-Kowalska M. Auditory temporal processing tests – normative data for Polish-speaking adults. Med Pr. 2015;66(2):145-52. https://doi.org/10.13075/mp.5893.00041. PMid:26294307.

37 Iliadou V, Ptok M, Grech H, Pedersen ER, Brechmann A, Deggouj N, et al. A European perspective on auditory processing disorder: current knowledge and future research focus. Front Neurol. 2017;8:622. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2017.00622. PMid:29209272.

38 Nickisch A, Kiese-Himmel C, Wiesner T, Schönweiler R. Guideline: auditory processing and perception disorders: differential diagnosis: S1 guideline of the German Society of Phoniatrics and Pediatric Audiology. HNO. 2019;67(8):576-83. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00106-019-0645-3. PMid:30976818.

39 Keith G, Purdy SC, Baily MR, Kay FM. New Zealand guidelines on auditory processing disorder [Internet]. Auckland: New Zealand Audiological Society; 2021 [citado em 2021 Mar 12]. Disponível em: https://www.audiology.org.nz/

40 Hoffmann MD, Colley R, Doyon CY, Lang JJ. Normative-referenced percentile values for physical fitness among Canadians. Health Rep. 2019;30(10):14-22. PMid:31617933.

41 Filippini R, Leite CA Fo, Barros GMSB, Musiek FE, Schochat E. Evidence of validity and normative values of a new auditory backward masking test. J Clin Med. 2022;11(17):4933. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11174933. PMid:36078863.

42 Dobri SGJ, Ross B. Total GABA level in human auditory cortex is associated with speech-in-noise understanding in older age. Neuroimage. 2021;225:117474. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117474. PMid:33099004.

43 Chermak GD, Bamiou DE, Iliadou V, Musiek FE. Practical guidelines to minimise language and cognitive confounds in the diagnosis of CAPD: a brief tutorial. Int J Audiol. 2017;56(7):499-506. https://doi.org/10.1080/14992027.2017.1284351. PMid:28635503.

44 Helfer KS, Vargo M. Speech recognition and temporal processing in middle-aged women. J Am Acad Audiol. 2009;20(4):264-71. https://doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.20.4.6. PMid:19927698.

45 John AB, Hall JW 3rd, Kreisman BM. Effects of advancing age and hearing loss on gaps-in-noise test performance. Am J Audiol. 2012;21(2):242-50. https://doi.org/10.1044/1059-0889(2012/11-0023). PMid:22992446.

46 Musiek FE. Frequency (pitch) and duration pattern tests. J Am Acad Audiol. 1994;5(4):265-8. PMid:7949300.

47 Murphy CF, Schochat E. Influência de paradigmas temporais em testes de processamento temporal auditivo. Pro Fono. 2007;19(3):259-66. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0104-56872007000300004. PMid:17934601.

48 Musiek FE. Assessment of central auditory dysfunction: the dichotic digit test revisited. Ear Hear. 1983;4(2):79-83. https://doi.org/10.1097/00003446-198303000-00002. PMid:6840415.
 

Submitted date:
05/05/2025

Accepted date:
09/28/2025

69e6b77ca95395214f3fc9d2 codas Articles
2317-1782 (Electronic)
CoDAS ©2026 All rights reserved.

CoDAS

Share this page
Page Sections