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https://codas.org.br/article/doi/10.1590/2317-1782/20232022123en
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Original Article

Self-efficacy and breastfeeding outcomes in mothers of premature and term infants: a longitudinal study

Autoeficácia e desfechos da amamentação em mães de bebês prematuros e a termo: um estudo longitudinal

Débora Gabriela Fernandes Assunção; Maria Clara Lima da Cruz; Norrara Scarlytt de Oliveira Holanda; Ruth Batista Bezerra Fagundes; Ana Verônica Dantas de Carvalho; Ingrid Guerra Azevedo; Silvana Alves Pereira

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/20232022123en CoDAS, vol.35, n5, e20220123, 2023
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Abstract

Purpose

To analyze the breastfeeding self-efficacy in mothers of premature and full-term newborns, in the period of 180 days, and to know the social and obstetric factors that influence the practice of maintaining the exclusive breastfeeding in the period of exclusive recommendation.

Methods

Cohort with 44 mothers admitted to a public maternity hospital between January and October 2018. The mothers were divided into two groups: Premature and Full-term Groups. The Breastfeeding Self-efficacy Scale was applied in the immediate postpartum period, in addition to a questionnaire elaborated by the authors to collect sociodemographic and obstetric variables. The follow-up was done on the 30th, 120th and 180th days of the newborn’s life, by telephone. For the statistical analysis between the groups, the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) was used.

Results

There was no difference in the self-efficacy score, nor in the obstetric and socioeconomic characteristics between the groups, except for family income (lower in the Premature Group - p = 0.031). The diet type was different on the 30th day after delivery (p = 0.023), with greater adherence to the exclusive breastfeeding in the Premature Group. No association was found between breastfeeding self-efficacy and exclusive breastfeeding practice in the 180-day period.

Conclusion

In this sample, the breastfeeding self-efficacy was not related to the exclusive breastfeeding practice in the period of 180 days, in both groups. The premature group showed lower family income and greater adherence to exclusive breastfeeding on the 30th day postpartum.

Keywords

Breast Feeding; Self Efficacy; Lactation; Premature; Newborn

Resumo

Objetivo

Analisar a autoeficácia da amamentação, no período de 180 dias, em mães de recém-nascidos prematuros e a termo, e conhecer os fatores que influenciam na prática do aleitamento materno exclusivo no período de recomendação exclusiva.

Método

Coorte realizado com 44 puérperas de uma maternidade pública, entre janeiro e outubro de 2018. As puérperas foram divididas em dois grupos: Grupo Prematuro e Grupo Termo. A Breastfeeding Self-efficacy Scale foi aplicada no pós-parto imediato, além de um questionário elaborado pelos autores para coleta de variáveis sociodemográficas e obstétricas. O monitoramento da continuidade do aleitamento materno foi feito no 30º, 120º e 180º dia de vida do neonato, via telefone. Para a análise estatística entre os grupos foi utilizado o Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS).

Resultados

Não houve diferença na pontuação da autoeficácia, nas características obstétricas e socioeconômicas entre os grupos, exceto para a variável renda familiar, (menor no Grupo Prematuro - p=0,031). O tipo de dieta foi diferente no 30º dia pós parto (p=0,023), com maior adesão ao aleitamento materno exclusivo no Grupo Prematuro. Não foi encontrada associação entre a autoeficácia da amamentação e a prática do aleitamento materno exclusivo no período de 180 dias.

Conclusão

Nesta amostra, a autoeficácia da amamentação não teve relação com a prática do aleitamento materno exclusivo no período de 180 dias em ambos os grupos. O grupo de prematuros apresentou menor renda familiar e maior adesão ao aleitamento materno exclusivo no 30º dia pós parto.

Palavras-chave

Aleitamento Materno; Autoeficácia; Lactação; Recém-nascido Prematuro; Recém-nascido

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