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https://codas.org.br/article/doi/10.1590/2317-1782/20232021324en
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Revisão Sistemática

The effects of lingual training: a systematic review with meta-analysis

Efeitos do treinamento da língua: revisão sistemática com metanálise

Nathalya de Faria Fonseca; Andréa Rodrigues Motta; Fernanda Campos de Freitas; Mariana Rezende Nonato; Elton Mendes Francelino; Renata Maria Moreira Moraes Furlan

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/20232021324en CoDAS, vol.35, n5, e20210324, 2023
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Abstract

Purpose

To assess the effectiveness of myotherapy exercises in increasing tongue pressure and strength. A secondary aim was to analyze the exercise types, training parameters, and functional results.

Research strategies

This systematic literature review was based on the Prisma protocol guidelines.

Selection criteria

The review included clinical trials that assessed the effects of tongue muscle training, with no restriction on the language or year of publication.

Data analysis

The steps included eliminating duplicates; reading abstracts and excluding studies that did not meet the inclusion criteria; reading selected articles in full text, extracting important data, and gathering them in a table; and meta-analysis, using the inverse variance method. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed with the Joanna Briggs Institute’s tool. The quality of evidence was assessed with the Grading System of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation.

Results

The meta-analysis indicated a significant increase in maximum anterior and posterior pressure as an effect of training. The most performed exercise was tongue pressure against the palate. However, training parameters varied between studies, and whether exercises alone led to functional improvement cannot be stated. The quality of the evidence was considered low.

Conclusion

Myotherapy exercises increased anterior and posterior tongue pressure in adults, but the quality of this evidence is low. The studies used various exercise types and training parameters. It cannot be stated whether exercises alone led to functional improvement.

Keywords

Tongue; Exercise Therapy; Myofunctional Therapy; Rehabilitation; Speech; Language and Hearing Sciences

Resumo

Objetivo

Avaliar a eficácia de exercícios mioterápicos no aumento da pressão e da força lingual. Buscou-se, de forma secundária, analisar quais os tipos de exercícios utilizados, os parâmetros de treinamento e os resultados funcionais obtidos.

Estratégia de pesquisa

Revisão sistemática da literatura guiada conforme as diretrizes do protocolo Prisma.

Critérios de seleção

Foram incluídos ensaios clínicos que avaliaram efeitos do treinamento muscular da língua, sem limite quanto ao idioma ou ano de publicação.

Análise dos dados

Incluiu as etapas de eliminação de artigos duplicados; leitura de resumos e exclusão de estudos que não contemplaram os critérios de elegibilidade; leitura na íntegra dos artigos selecionados com extração de informações importantes, reunidas em tabela; e metanálise, realizada por meio do método do inverso da variância. A avaliação da qualidade metodológica dos estudos foi realizada pela ferramenta do Joanna Briggs Institute. A qualidade da evidência foi avaliada pelo Sistema Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation.

Resultados

A metanálise indicou aumento significativo da pressão máxima anterior e posterior como efeito do treinamento. O exercício mais utilizado foi pressão de língua contra o palato, mas os parâmetros de treinamento variaram entre estudos, não sendo possível afirmar que exercícios isolados promovem melhora funcional. A qualidade da evidência foi considerada baixa.

Conclusão

Os exercícios mioterápicos promovem o aumento da pressão anterior e posterior da língua de indivíduos adultos, porém a qualidade dessa evidência é baixa. Há variabilidade quanto aos tipos de exercícios utilizados e parâmetros de treinamento. Não é possível afirmar que os exercícios promovem melhora funcional.

Palavras-chave

Língua; Terapia por Exercício; Terapia Miofuncional; Reabilitação; Fonoaudiologia

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