Sensitivity and specificity of the Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing Scale (SSQ5) for screening hearing in adults
Rejane Abdala Assef; Katia Almeida; Elisiane Crestani de Miranda-Gonsalez
Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the sensitivity and specificity of 5 questions of the SSQ in Brazilian Portuguese for its application as a hearing screening instrument in adults. Methods: A total of 135 adults with a mean age of 49.6 years and education of 9 years took part in the study. All subjects underwent hearing tests and were divided into 2 groups according to hearing acuity: G1 – 66 individuals with normal hearing on audiometric test: and G2 – 69 participants with impaired hearing on audiometric evaluation in one or both ears. The 5 items of the SSQ5, derived from the Brazilian Portuguese version of the SSQ49 were applied. The level of significance was set at a p-value ≤ 0.05, with a 95% confidence interval. Results: G1 subjects were younger and higher educated (p<0.01). A weak positive correlation was found between education and SSQ5 score only in G1. In G2, there was no correlation of age or education with SSQ5 performance. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) for the relationship between SSQ5 and audiometric average was 0.854 and p-value was <0.001 with bounds of 0.79 and 0.91. SSQ5 scores were lower in G2 (p<0.001). The cut-off point with optimal balance between sensitivity and specificity was 7.3, yielding 80% accuracy, 81.8% sensitivity and 78.3% specificity. Conclusion: The Brazilian Portuguese version of the SSQ5 proved suitable for screening hearing loss in adults, offering good accuracy, sensitivity and specificity for detecting hearing loss.
Keywords
Referências
1. WHO: World Health Organization. International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health – ICF. Switzerland: WHO; 2001.
2. Sousa MGC, Russo ICP. Audição e percepção da perda de audição em idosos. Rev Soc Bras Fonoaudiol. 2009;14(2):241-6. http://dx.doi. org/10.1590/S1516-80342009000200016.
3. Demeester K, Topsakal V, Hendrickx JJ, Fransen E, Van Laer L, Van Camp G, et al. Hearing disability measured by the speech, spatial, and qualities of hearing scale in clinically normal-hearing and hearing-impaired middle aged persons, and disability screening by means of a reduced SSQ (the SSQ5). Ear Hear. 2012;33(5):615-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ AUD.0b013e31824e0ba7. PMid:22568994.
4. Becerril-Ramírez PB, González-Sánchez DF, Gómez-García A, FigueroaMoreno R, Bravo-Escobar GA, García de la Cruz MA. Hearing loss screening tests for adults. Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp. 2013;64(3):184-90. PMid:23332791.
5. Mertens G, Punte AK, Van de Heyning P. Self-assessment of hearing disabilities in cocNBear implant users using the SSQ and the reduced SSQ5 version. Otol Neurotol. 2013;34(9):1622-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ MAO.0b013e31829ce980. PMid:24005165.
6. Valete-Rosalino C, Rozenfeld S. Triagem de audição em idosos: comparação entre autorelato e audiometria. Rev Bras Otorrinolaringol. 2005;71(2):193- 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-72992005000200013.
7. Noble W, Gatehouse S. Interaural asymmetry of hearing loss, speech, space and qualities of hearing (SSQ) and hearing impairment and performance. Rev Intl Audiolog. 2009;43(2):100-14. http://dx.doi. org/10.1080/14992020400050015.
8. Calviti KCFK, Pereira LD. Sensibilidade, especificidade e valores preditivos da queixa de audição comparados com diferentes médias audiométricas. Rev Bras Otorrinolaringol. 2009;75:794-800.
9. Rosis ACA, Souza MRF, Iorio MCM. Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly -Screening version (HHIE-S): Estudo de Sensibilidade e Especificidade. Rev Soc Bras Fonoaudiol. 2009;14(3):339-45. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1516-80342009000300009.
10. Singh G, Kat NB, Pichora-Fuller M. Older adults performance on the speech, spatial, and qualities of hearing scale (SSQ): test-retest reliability and a comparison of interview and self-administration methods. Int J Audiol. 2010;49(10):733-40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/14992027.2010. 491097. PMid:20874047. 1
1. Menegotto IH, Soldera CLC, Anderle P, Anhaia TC. Correlation between hearing loss and the outcome of the hearing handicap inventory questionnaires for the adults-version HHIA-S and screening hearing handicap inventory for the elderly-screening - HHIE-S version. Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2011;5:319-26.
12. Banh J, Singh KG, Pichora-Fuller M. The speech, speech and spatial qualities of hearing range (SSQ) for adults with minimal loss of audiometric. J Am Acad Audiol. 2012;23(2):81-91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.23.2.2. PMid:22353676.
13. Noble W, Naylor G, Bhullar N, Akeroyd MA. Hearing capabilities selfassessed in adults of ages and larger: a stratified sampling approach. Int J Audiol. 2012;51(3):174-80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/14992027.2011.62 1899. PMid:22115161.
14. Akeroyd MA, Guy FH, Harrison DL, Suller SL. A factor analysis of the speech, spatial and qualities of hearing scale (SSQ). Int J Audiol. 2014;53(2):101-14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/14992027.2013.824115. PMid:24417459.
15. Mertens G, Hofkens A, Punte AK, De Bodt M, Van de Heyning P. Hearing performance in single-sided deaf cocNBear implant users after upgrade to a single-unit speech processor. Otol Neurotol. 2015a;36(1):51-60. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1097/MAO.0000000000000653. PMid:25406874.
16. Lotfi Y, Nazeri AR, Asgari A, Moosavi A, Bakhshi E. Iranian version of speech, spatial, and qualities of hearing scale: a psychometric study. Acta Med Iran. 2016;54(12):756-64. PMid:28120586.
17. Moulin A, Richard C. Sources of variability of speech, spatial, and qualities of hearing scale (SSQ) scores in normal-hearing and hearing-impaired populations. Int J Audiol. 2016a;55(2):101-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/1 4992027.2015.1104734. PMid:26624277.
18. Gatehouse S, Noble W. The Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing Scale (SSQ). Int J Audiol. 2004;43(2):85-99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14992020400050014. PMid:15035561.
19. Moulin A, Vergne J, Gallego S, Micheyl C. A new speech, spatial, and qualities of hearing scale short-form: factor, cluster, and comparative analyses. Ear Hear. 2019;40(4):938-50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ AUD.0000000000000675. PMid:30461444.
20. Moulin A, Richard C. Validation of a French-Language version of the spatial hearing questionnaire, Cluster analysis and comparison with the speech, spatial, and qualities of hearing scale. Ear Hear. 2016b;37(4):412- 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/AUD.0000000000000269. PMid:26808287.
21. Noble W, Jensen NS, Naylor G, Bhullar N, Akeroyd MA. A short form of speech, spatial and qualities of hearing scale suitable for clinical use: SSQ12. Int J Audiol. 2013;2013;52(6):409-12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/ 14992027.2013.781278. PMid:23651462.
22. Gonsalez ECM, Almeida K. Adaptação cultural do questionário SSQ para o português brasileiro. Audiol Commun Res. 2015;20(3):215-24. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1590/S2317-64312015000300001572.
23. Mertens G, Desmet J, De Bodt M, Van de Heyning P. Prospective casecontrolled sound localisation study after cocNBear implantation in adults with single-sided deafness and ipsilateral tinnitus. Clin Otolaryngol. 2016;41(5):511-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/coa.12555. PMid:26441318.
24. Miranda-Gonsalez EC, Almeida K. Limitação de atividade de audição medida por meio do SSQ Estudo piloto da versão reduzida em português brasileiro. Audiol Commun Res. 2017;22:1701-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317- 6431-2016-1709.
25. WHO: World Health Organization. Prevention of blindness and deafness: grades of hearing impairment. Switzerland: WHO; 2014.
26. Kiely KM, Gopinath B, Mitchell P, Browning CJ, Anstey KJ. Evaluating a dichotomized measure of self-reported hearing loss against gold standard audiometry: prevalence estimates and age bias in a pooled national data set. J Aging Health. 2012;24(3):439-58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0898264311425088. PMid:22205434.
27. Spankovich C, Gonzalez VB, Su D, Bishop CE. Self reported hearing difficulty, tinnitus, and normal audiometric thresholds, the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2002. Hear Res. 2018;358:30-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.heares.2017.12.001. PMid:29254853.
28. Aguiar RGR, Almeida K, Miranda-Gonsalez EC. Test-Retest Reliability of the Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing Scale (SSQ) in Brazilian Portuguese. Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2019;23(4):e380. http://dx.doi. org/10.1055/s-0039-1677754. PMid:31649755.
29. Hashimoto H, Nomura K, Yano E. O estado psicossomático afeta a relação entre as dificuldades de audição subjetivas e os resultados da audiometria. J Clin Epidemiol. 2004;57(4):381-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j. jclinepi.2003.09.009. PMid:15135839.
Facebook
Google+
Twitter
LinkedIn
Mendeley
StumbleUpon
CiteULike
Reddit
Email