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https://codas.org.br/article/doi/10.1590/2317-1782/20212021052en
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Artigo Original

The association between language and recognition of facial emotional expressions in elderly individuals

Associação entre linguagem e o reconhecimento de expressões faciais de emoções em idosos

Helen Capeleto Francisco; Allan Gustavo Bregola; Ana Carolina Ottaviani; Bruna Moretti Luchesi; Fabiana de Souza Orland; iFrancisco José Fraga; Letícia Pimenta Costa-Guarisco; Sofia Cristina Iost Pavarini

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/20212021052en CoDAS, vol.34, n6, e20210052, 2022
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Abstract

Purpose

To check the association between a good performance of language and the recognition of facial emotional expressions in elderly individuals.

Methods

Transversal study performed with 118 elderly individuals from the primary care services of health of a city in the state of São Paulo. Sociodemographic data were collected, regarding the performance of language through the domain of Addenbrooke Cognitive Examination – Revised and Recognition of Facial Emotional Expressions. The sample was divided in thirds according to the performance of language: T1 = the best, T2 = average, and T3 = the worst. The groups T1xT3 were compared regarding the performance of recognition of facial expressions of anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise, and for the intensities of 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%. The association of independent variables over the performance of language was analyzed through logistic regression. The multivariate model was built from the results of the univariate analyses and has included the continuous variables by emotion and by intensity. Age and schooling associated to the performance of language in the univariate model were included in the multivariate model in order to adjust association analyses.

Results

The sample was mainly female (84.7%), with an average age of 70.5 years old, and 3.5 schooling years. The variables associated to the best performance of language in comparative analysis of T1 and T3 were: surprise (OR = 1.485, IC 95% 1.194 – 1.846), and disgust (OR = 1.143, IC 95% 1.005 – 1.300).

Conclusion

The recognition of facial emotional expressions of surprise and disgust were shown as important factors associated to the good performance of language.

Keywords

Elderl; Ageing; Language; Emotions; Facial Expression

Resumo

Objetivo

Verificar a associação entre o bom desempenho de linguagem e o reconhecimento de expressões faciais de emoções em idosos.

Método

Estudo transversal realizado com 118 idosos dos serviços de atenção primária à saúde de um município paulista. Foram coletados dados sociodemográficos, de desempenho da linguagem pelo domínio do Exame Cognitivo de Addenbrooke - Revisado e de Reconhecimento de Expressões Faciais de Emoções. A amostra foi dividida em tercis de acordo com o desempenho na linguagem: T1 = melhor, T2 = mediano e T3 = pior. Os grupos T1xT3 foram comparados em relação ao desempenho no reconhecimento de expressões faciais de raiva, nojo, medo, alegria, tristeza e surpresa e para as intensidades 40%, 60%, 80% e 100%. A associação das variáveis independentes sobre o desempenho de linguagem foi analisada por meio de regressão logística. O modelo multivariado foi construído a partir dos resultados das análises univariadas e incluiu as variáveis contínuas por emoção e por intensidade. Idade e escolaridade, associadas ao desempenho de linguagem no modelo univariado, foram incluídas no modelo multivariado para ajustar as análises de associação.

Resultados

A amostra era predominantemente feminina (84,7%), com idade média de 70,5 anos e 3,5 anos de escolaridade. As variáveis ​​associadas ao melhor desempenho de linguagem na análise comparativa de T1 e T3 foram: surpresa (OR= 1,485, IC 95% 1,194 – 1,846) e nojo (OR= 1,143, IC 95% 1,005 – 1,300).

Conclusão

O reconhecimento de expressões faciais das emoções surpresa e nojo mostraram-se importantes fatores associados ao bom desempenho da linguagem.

Palavras-chave

Idoso; Envelhecimento; Linguagem; Emoções; Expressão Facial

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