Masticatory function in elderly compared to young adults
Função mastigatória em idosos comparada a adultos jovens
Verônica Fernandes Ramos; Anderson Francisco Silva; Melissa Picinato-Pirola
Abstract
Purpose: To characterize the masticatory function of the elderly and to compare total amount of time, masticatory strokes and total mastication score among the elderly and young adults. Methods: It is an observational, crosssectional and analytical study. A total of 50 individuals participated, 25 elderly (mean age 66 years) and 25 young adults (mean age 22 years). The evaluation of mastication was performed by standardized filming of the usual mastication of a wheat flour biscuit. The masticatory type (alternated bilateral, simultaneous bilateral, preferential unilateral, chronic and anterior), masticatory score, total masticatory time and the total number of masticatory strokes were verified and compared between the elderly and young adults. Results: The predominant masticatory pattern in the young adults was the alternated bilateral mastication (52%), while, in the elderly, the simultaneous bilateral mastication predominated (48%). The use of dental prostheses had a significant influence on the total mastication score; elderly presented greater masticatory time and greater amount of masticatory strokes; however, the total masticatory score was lower for this group. Conclusion: The use of dental prosthesis has a significant influence on masticatory function. When compared to young adults, the elderly had a greater amount of time and masticatory strokes and a lower total mastication score.
Keywords
Resumo
Objetivo: Caracterizar a função mastigatória de idosos e comparar o total de tempo e golpes mastigatórios e o escore mastigatório total entre idosos e adultos jovens. Método: Trata-se de um estudo observacional, transversal e analítico. Um total de 50 indivíduos participaram do estudo, 25 idosos (idade média de 66 anos) e 25 adultos jovens (idade média de 22 anos). A avaliação da função mastigatória foi realizada por meio da filmagem padronizada da mastigação habitual de um biscoito maisena. O tipo mastigatório (bilateral alternado, bilateral simultâneo, unilateral preferencial, crônica e anterior), o escore mastigatório, o total do tempo mastigatório e o número total de golpes mastigatórios foram verificados e comparados entre os idosos e os adultos jovens. Resultados: O padrão mastigatório predominante nos adultos jovens foi a mastigação bilateral alternada (52%), enquanto que nos idosos predominou a mastigação bilateral simultânea (48%). O uso de prótese dentária apresentou influência significativa no escore total da mastigação; os idosos apresentaram maior tempo mastigatório e maior quantidade de golpes mastigatórios; contudo, o escore total da mastigação foi menor para este grupo. Conclusão: O uso de prótese dentária apresenta influência significativa na função mastigatória. Quando comparados aos jovens, idosos apresentam maior quantidade de tempo e golpes mastigatórios e menor escore total da mastigação.
Palavras-chave
Referências
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Submetido em:
10/11/2020
Aceito em:
12/02/2021
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