CoDAS
https://codas.org.br/article/doi/10.1590/2317-1782/20212020364
CoDAS
Artigo Original

Masticatory function in elderly compared to young adults

Função mastigatória em idosos comparada a adultos jovens

Verônica Fernandes Ramos; Anderson Francisco Silva; Melissa Picinato-Pirola

Downloads: 0
Views: 494

Abstract

Purpose: To characterize the masticatory function of the elderly and to compare total amount of time, masticatory strokes and total mastication score among the elderly and young adults. Methods: It is an observational, crosssectional and analytical study. A total of 50 individuals participated, 25 elderly (mean age 66 years) and 25 young adults (mean age 22 years). The evaluation of mastication was performed by standardized filming of the usual mastication of a wheat flour biscuit. The masticatory type (alternated bilateral, simultaneous bilateral, preferential unilateral, chronic and anterior), masticatory score, total masticatory time and the total number of masticatory strokes were verified and compared between the elderly and young adults. Results: The predominant masticatory pattern in the young adults was the alternated bilateral mastication (52%), while, in the elderly, the simultaneous bilateral mastication predominated (48%). The use of dental prostheses had a significant influence on the total mastication score; elderly presented greater masticatory time and greater amount of masticatory strokes; however, the total masticatory score was lower for this group. Conclusion: The use of dental prosthesis has a significant influence on masticatory function. When compared to young adults, the elderly had a greater amount of time and masticatory strokes and a lower total mastication score.

Keywords

Aging; Aged; Mastication; Dental Prosthesis; Stomatognathic System

Resumo

Objetivo: Caracterizar a função mastigatória de idosos e comparar o total de tempo e golpes mastigatórios e o escore mastigatório total entre idosos e adultos jovens. Método: Trata-se de um estudo observacional, transversal e analítico. Um total de 50 indivíduos participaram do estudo, 25 idosos (idade média de 66 anos) e 25 adultos jovens (idade média de 22 anos). A avaliação da função mastigatória foi realizada por meio da filmagem padronizada da mastigação habitual de um biscoito maisena. O tipo mastigatório (bilateral alternado, bilateral simultâneo, unilateral preferencial, crônica e anterior), o escore mastigatório, o total do tempo mastigatório e o número total de golpes mastigatórios foram verificados e comparados entre os idosos e os adultos jovens. Resultados: O padrão mastigatório predominante nos adultos jovens foi a mastigação bilateral alternada (52%), enquanto que nos idosos predominou a mastigação bilateral simultânea (48%). O uso de prótese dentária apresentou influência significativa no escore total da mastigação; os idosos apresentaram maior tempo mastigatório e maior quantidade de golpes mastigatórios; contudo, o escore total da mastigação foi menor para este grupo. Conclusão: O uso de prótese dentária apresenta influência significativa na função mastigatória. Quando comparados aos jovens, idosos apresentam maior quantidade de tempo e golpes mastigatórios e menor escore total da mastigação.

Palavras-chave

Envelhecimento; Idoso; Mastigação; Próteses Dentárias; Sistema Estomatognático

Referências

1) Sisko AM, Keehan SP, Cuckler GA, Madison AJ, Smith SD, Wolfe CJ, et al. National health expenditure projections, 2013-23: faster growth expected with expanded coverage and improving economy. Health Aff (Millwood). 2014;33(10):1841-50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2014.0560 PMid:25187525.
» http://dx.doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2014.0560
2) Frontera WR, Hughes VA, Fielding RA, Fiatarone MA, Evans WJ, Roubenoff R. Aging of skeletal muscle: a 12-yr longitudinal study. J Appl Physiol. 2000;88(4):1321-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.2000.88.4.1321 PMid:10749826.
» http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.2000.88.4.1321
3) Yoshiko A, Hioki M, Kanehira N, Shimaoka K, Koike T, Sakakibara H, et al. Three-dimensional comparison of intramuscular fat content between young and old adults. BMC Med Imaging. 2017;17(1):12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12880-017-0185-9 PMid:28183279.
» http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12880-017-0185-9
4) Delmonico MJ, Harris TB, Visser M, Park SW, Conroy MB, Velasquez-Mieyer P, et al. Longitudinal study of muscle strength, quality, and adipose tissue infiltration. Am J Clin Nutr. 2009;90(6):1579-85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.2009.28047 PMid:19864405.
» http://dx.doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.2009.28047
5) Rech RS, Baumgarten A, Colvara BC, Brochier CW, de Goulart B, Hugo FN, et al. Association between oropharyngeal dysphagia, oral functionality, and oral sensorimotor alteration. Oral Dis. 2018;24(4):664-72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/odi.12809 PMid:29164750.
» http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/odi.12809
6) Baumgarten A, Schmidt JG, Rech RS, Hilgert JB, Goulart BNG. Dental status, oral prosthesis and chewing ability in an adult and elderly population in southern Brazil. Clinics (São Paulo). 2017;72(11):681-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.6061/clinics/2017(11)06 PMid:29236914.
» http://dx.doi.org/10.6061/clinics/2017(11)06
7) Jales MA, Cabral RR, Silva HJ, Cunha DA. Characteristics of the stomatognatic system in the elderly: differences between public and private institutions. Rev CEFAC. 2005;7:178-87.
8) Oliveira BS, Delgado SE, Brescovici SM. Alterações das funções de mastigação e deglutição no processo de alimentação de idosos institucionalizados. Rev Bras Geriatr Gerontol. 2014;17(3):575-87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-9823.2014.13065
» http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-9823.2014.13065
9) Zhu Y, Hollis JH. Differences in chewing behaviors between healthy fully dentate young and older adults assessed by electromyographic recordings. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2015;66(4):452-7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/09637486.2015.1038222 PMid:26008719.
» http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/09637486.2015.1038222
10) Lima RMF, Amaral AKFJ, Aroucha EBL, Vasconcelos TMJ, Silva HJ, Cunha DA. Adaptações na mastigação, deglutição e fonoarticulação em idosos de instituição de longa permanência. Rev CEFAC. 2009;11(supl 3):405-22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1516-18462009000700017
» http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1516-18462009000700017
11) Kossioni A, Bellou O. Eating habits in older people in Greece: the role of age, dental status and chewing difficulties. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2011;52(2):197-201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2010.03.017 PMid:20399518.
» http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2010.03.017
12) Gellacic AS, Teixeira DS, Antunes JL, Narvai PC, Lebrão ML, Frazão P. Factors associated with deterioration of self‐rated chewing ability among adults aged 60 years and older over a 6‐year period. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2016;16(1):46-54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ggi.12435 PMid:25597335.
» http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ggi.12435
13) Pita MS, Anchieta RB, Júnior MM, Archangelo CM, Silva EMM, Barbosa DB, et al. Cares with the senior’s buccal hygiene: orientations, materials and methods used. Rev Uningá. 2017;22.
14) Veyrune JL, Opé S, Nicolas E, Woda A, Hennequin M. Changes in mastication after an immediate loading implantation with complete fixed rehabilitation. Clin Oral Investig. 2013;17(4):1127-34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00784-012-0787-0 PMid:22814760.
» http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00784-012-0787-0
15) Cosme DC, Baldisserotto SM, Fernandes EL, Rivaldo EG, Rosing CK, Shinkai RSA. Functional evaluation of oral rehabilitation with removable partial dentures after five years. J Appl Oral Sci. 2006;14(2):111-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1678-77572006000200009 PMid:19089041.
» http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1678-77572006000200009
16) Kumar Y, Chand P, Arora V, Singh SV, Mishra N, Alvi HA, et al. Comparison of rehabilitating missing mandibular first molars with implant‐or tooth‐supported prostheses using masticatory efficiency and patient satisfaction outcomes. J Prosthodont. 2017;26(5):376-80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jopr.12399 PMid:26588357.
» http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jopr.12399
17) Berteretche MV, Frot A, Woda A, Pereira B, Hennequin M. Different types of antagonists modify the outcome of complete denture renewal. Int J Prosthodont. 2015;28(3):270-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.11607/ijp.3916 PMid:25965642.
» http://dx.doi.org/10.11607/ijp.3916
18) Orthlieb JD, Brocard D, Schittly J, Maniere-Ezvan A. Oclusão: princípios práticos. Porto Alegre: Artmed; 2002.
19) Heiat A, Vaccarino V, Krumholz HM. An evidence-based assessment of federal guidelines for overweight and obesity as they apply to elderly persons. Arch Intern Med. 2001;161(9):1194-203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archinte.161.9.1194 PMid:11343442.
» http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archinte.161.9.1194
20) Felício CMD, Lima MDRF, Medeiros APM, Ferreira JTL. Orofacial Myofunctional Evaluation Protocol for older people: validity, psychometric properties, and association with oral health and age. CoDAS. 2017;29(6):e20170042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/20172017042 PMid:29211113.
» http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/20172017042
21) de Felício CM, Folha GA, Ferreira CL, Medeiros AP. Expanded protocol of orofacial myofunctional evaluation with scores: validity and reliability. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2010;74(11):1230-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijporl.2010.07.021 PMid:20800294.
» http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijporl.2010.07.021
22) Matsuyama Y, Aida J, Watt RG, Tsuboya T, Koyama S, Sato Y, et al. Dental status and compression of life expectancy with disability. J Dent Res. 2017;96(9):1006-13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022034517713166 PMid:28605598.
» http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022034517713166
23) Ikebe K, Matsuda KI, Kagawa R, Enoki K, Yoshida M, Maeda Y, et al. Association of masticatory performance with age, gender, number of teeth, occlusal force and salivary flow in Japanese older adults: is ageing a risk factor for masticatory dysfunction? Arch Oral Biol. 2011;56(10):991-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.archoralbio.2011.03.019 PMid:21529776.
» http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.archoralbio.2011.03.019
24) Duque AD, Malheiros Z, Stewart B, Romanelli HJ. Strategies for the prevention of periodontal disease and its impact on general health in Latin America. Section III: prevention. Braz Oral Res. 2020;34(1, suppl 1):e025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-3107bor-2020.vol34.0025 PMid:32294678.
» http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-3107bor-2020.vol34.0025
25) Kennedy K, Chacon G, McGlumphy E, Johnston W, Yilmaz B, Kennedy P. Evaluation of patient experience and satisfaction with immediately loaded metal-acrylic resin implant-supported fixed complete prosthesis. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2012;27(5):1191-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prosdent.2016.01.034 PMid:23057033.
» http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prosdent.2016.01.034
26) Ayres A, Teixeira A, Martins M, Gonçalvez A, Olchik M. Análise das funções do sistema estomatognático em idosos usuários de prótese dentária. Rev Bras Ciênc Saúde. 2016;20(2):99-106. http://dx.doi.org/10.4034/RBCS.2016.20.02.02
» http://dx.doi.org/10.4034/RBCS.2016.20.02.02
27) Lepley CR, Throckmorton GS, Ceen RF, Buschang PH. Relative contributions of occlusion, maximum bite force, and chewing cycle kinematics to masticatory performance. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2011;139(5):606-13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2009.07.025 PMid:21536203.
» http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2009.07.025
28) Zhu Y, Hollis JH. Chewing thoroughly reduces eating rate and postprandial food palatability but does not influence meal size in older adults. Physiol Behav. 2014;123:62-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2013.10.003 PMid:24139860.
» http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2013.10.003
29) van Kampen FMC, Van Der Bilt A, Cune MS, Fontijn-Tekamp FA, Bosman F. Masticatory function with implant-supported overdentures. J Dent Res. 2004;83(9):708-11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154405910408300910 PMid:15329377.
» http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154405910408300910
30) Lepley C, Throckmorton G, Parker S, Buschang PH. Masticatory performance and chewing cycle kinematics: are they related? Angle Orthod. 2010;80(2):295-301. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/061109-333.1 PMid:19905854.
» http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/061109-333.1


Submetido em:
10/11/2020

Aceito em:
12/02/2021

61955f39a9539552c60117d7 codas Articles

CoDAS

Share this page
Page Sections