Reference parameters for normality and associated factors to hard palate during mixed dentition phase
Parâmetros de referência para normalidade e fatores associados ao palato duro durante a fase de dentição mista
Luana Cristina Berwig; Mariana Marquezan; Jovana de Moura Milanesi; Jessica Klöckner Knorst; Thiago Machado Ardenghi; Ana Maria Toniolo da Silva
Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the association among dimensions of the hard palate according to the sexes, skin color, and periods of the mixed dentition and present reference parameters of normality for this stage of development. Methods: This cross-sectional study evaluated a representative sample of children between the ages of 7 and 13 years in Santa Maria, southern Brazil. The outcomes of the study were the dimensions of the palate: width measurements and depth. Sociodemographic characteristics and related oral measures were also assessed. Adjusted linear regression model were used to evaluate the effect of the predictor’s variables on the dimensions of the hard palate in millimeters. The reference standards for the hard palate normality were presented in mean, standard deviation, and 95% confidence interval. Results: A total of 569 children were evaluated. The hard palate dimensions were larger in the male sex and smaller in the first transitional period of mixed dentition. Skin color had an influence on the hard palate width at the level of the premolars, and the width measurements were smaller in white individuals. Posterior cross bite, Angle Class II and III malocclusions and non-nutritional sucking habits caused reduction in the hard palate width measurements. Conclusion: Different dimensions of the hard palate are influenced by demographic variables such as sex, skin color, and mixed dentition period. Children of the female sex, white-skinned and in the first transition period of mixed dentition had smaller dimensions of the hard palate. Establishing normality reference standards in measurements of the palates guides the clinical practice.
Keywords
Resumo
Objetivo: Avaliar a associação entre as dimensões do palato duro de acordo com os sexos, cor da pele e períodos da dentição mista e apresentar parâmetros de normalidade de referência para esta fase de desenvolvimento. Método: Este estudo transversal avaliou uma amostra representativa de crianças com idade entre 7 e 13 anos em Santa Maria, sul do Brasil. Os desfechos do estudo foram as dimensões do palato: medidas de largura e profundidade. Características sociodemográficas e medidas orais relacionadas também foram avaliadas. Modelos de regressão linear ajustados foram utilizados para avaliar o efeito das variáveis preditoras sobre as dimensões do palato duro em milímetros. Os padrões de referência para a normalidade do palato duro foram apresentados em média, desvio padrão e intervalo de confiança de 95%. Resultados: Foram avaliadas 569 crianças. As dimensões do palato duro foram maiores no sexo masculino e menores no primeiro período de transição da dentição mista. A cor da pele influenciou a largura do palato duro ao nível dos pré-molares, sendo as medidas de largura menores nos brancos. Mordida cruzada posterior, más oclusões de Classe II e III de Angle e hábitos de sucção não nutricionais causaram redução nas medidas da largura do palato duro. Conclusão: As diferentes dimensões do palato duro são influenciadas por variáveis demográficas como o sexo, cor da pele e período de dentição mista. Crianças do sexo feminino, de cor de pele branca e no primeiro período de transição de dentição mista apresentaram menores dimensões do palato duro. O estabelecimento de padrões de referência de normalidade nas medidas do palato orienta a prática clínica.
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References
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Submitted date:
08/31/2020
Accepted date:
02/24/2021
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