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https://codas.org.br/article/doi/10.1590/2317-1782/20212020214
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Original Article

Factors associated with frailty in patients with neurodegenerative diseases

Fatores associados a fragilidade em pacientes com doenças neurodegenerativas

Rafaela Soares Rech; Marina Martins Pereira Padovani; Nathalia Flores Oliveira; Bruna Graciele Souza Alós; Annelise Ayres; Maira Rozenfeld Olchik

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/20212020214 CoDAS, vol.34, n5, e20200214, 2022
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Abstract

Purpose

To identify the factors associated with frailty in patients with neurodegenerative diseases.

Methods

Cross-sectional study, whose sample consisted of 150 patients diagnosed with neurodegenerative diseases seen at a speech-language therapy clinic in a reference hospital in southern Brazil. A secondary exploratory analysis of the medical records of patients treated at this clinic between April 2016 and May 2019 was performed. The information collected was sex, age, education, type of neurodegenerative disease, time of disease, frailty (Edmonton Frail Scale-EFS), swallowing (Northwestern Dysphagia Patient CheckSheet-NDPCS, Eating Assessment Tool-EAT 10), and cognition (Mini-Mental State Examination-MMSE and Montreal Cognitive Assessment-MoCA). Continuous quantitative variables were analyzed using mean and standard deviation and categorical quantitative variables from absolute and relative frequency, as well as their association with the outcome using the Chi-square test. Crude and adjusted Prevalence Ratios were assessed using Poisson regression with robust variance. All statistical tests were considered significant at a level of 5%.

Results

The significant factors associated with frailty were the presence of oropharyngeal dysphagia and altered cognitive performance. Individuals with frailty have a higher prevalence of oropharyngeal dysphagia (PR= 1.772(1.094-2.872)), while cognition alteration presented a lower prevalence (PR= 0.335(0.128-0.873).

Conclusion

Oropharyngeal dysphagia can be an important clinical predictive factor for consideration in cases of frailty in patients with neurodegenerative diseases.

Keywords

Frailty; Aging; Swallowing Disorders; Cognition; Speech-Language and Hearing Science

Resumo

Objetivo

Identificar os fatores associados à fragilidade em pacientes com doenças neurodegenerativas.

Método

Estudo transversal, cuja amostra foi composta por 150 pacientes com diagnóstico de doenças neurodegenerativas atendidos em um ambulatório de Fonoaudiologia de um hospital de referência no sul do Brasil. Foi realizada análise secundária exploratória dos prontuários dos pacientes atendidos neste ambulatório entre o período de abril de 2016 e maio de 2019. As informações coletadas foram: sexo, idade, escolaridade, tipo de doença neurodegenerativa, tempo de doença, fragilidade (Edmonton Frail Scale - EFS), deglutição (Northwestern Dysphagia Patient CheckSheet- NDPCS, Eating Assessment Tool-EAT 10) e cognição (Mini-Mental State Examination-MMSE e Montreal Cognitive Assessment-MoCA). As variáveis quantitativas contínuas foram analisadas a partir de média e desvio padrão e as quantitativas categóricas a partir de frequência absoluta e relativa, assim como analisou-se a associação destas com o desfecho pelo teste Qui-Quadrado. As Razões de Prevalência brutas e ajustadas foram avaliadas a partir da Regressão de Poisson com variância robusta. Todos os testes estatísticos foram considerados significativos a um nível de 5%.

Resultados

Os fatores significativos associados à fragilidade foram à presença de disfagia orofaríngea e desempenho cognitivo alterado. Indivíduos com a fragilidade apresentam maior prevalência de disfagia orofaríngea (RP=1,772(1,094-2,872)), enquanto a cognição alterada está associada a menor prevalência de fragilidade (RP=0,335(0,128-0,873).

Conclusão

A disfagia orofaríngea pode ser um importante fator clínico preditivo a ser considerado em casos de fragilidade em pacientes com doenças neurodegenerativas.

Palavras-chave

Fragilidade; Envelhecimento; Transtornos da Deglutição; Cognição; Fonoaudiologia

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