Diagnostic precision for bronchopulmonary aspiration in a heterogeneous population
Precisão diagnóstica para o risco de broncoaspiração em população heterogênea
Maíra Santilli de Lima; Fernanda Chiarion Sassi; Gisele Chagas de Medeiros; Shri Krishna Jayanthi; Claudia Regina Furquim de Andrade
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to assess the validity of a simple instrument for screening dysphagia used in a large public hospital in Brazil with heterogeneous adult population. Method: The Dysphagia Risk Evaluation Protocol (DREP) - screening version contains four items (altered cervical auscultation, altered vocal quality, coughing and choking before / during / after swallowing) that were previously indicated as independent risk factors associated to the presence of dysphagia in the swallowing test with water. Trained speech therapists administered and scored DREP - screening version to consecutive patients referred by hospital’s medical team to perform Video Fluoroscopic for Swallowing Study (VFSS). Results: 211 patients received the swallowing screen (DREP): 99 failed and 112 passed. One in every five patients was randomized to receive a VFSS. The DREP screening version demonstrated excellent validity with sensitivity at 92.9%, specificity at 75.0%, negative predictive values at 95.5% and an accuracy of 80.9%. Conclusion: The DREP - screening version is a simple and accurate tool to identify the risk for penetration and / or aspiration in patients who are not tube-fed, who have a good level of alertness, have no history of recurrent pneumonia, are not on pneumonia, and that do not use a tracheostomy cannula.
Keywords
Resumo
Objetivo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi realizar a validação de um instrumento simples de triagem da disfagia utilizado em um hospital público de grande porte no Brasil em população adulta heterogênea. Método: O Protocolo de Avaliação de Risco para Disfagia versão de triagem (PARDt) contém quatro itens (ausculta cervical alterada, alteração da qualidade vocal, tosse e engasgo antes/durante/após a deglutição) que foram previamente indicados como fatores de risco independentes associados à presença de disfagia no teste de deglutição com água. Fonoaudiólogos treinados administraram e classificaram o PARDt para pacientes consecutivos encaminhados pela equipe médica do hospital para realizar a videofluoroscopia da deglutição (VDF). Resultados: 211 pacientes foram submetidos ao PARDt: 99 falharam e 112 passaram. Um em cada cinco pacientes foram randomicamente selecionados para VDF. O PARDt apresentou excelente validade: sensibilidade de 92,9%; especificidade de 75,0%; valores preditivos negativos de 95,5%; acurácia de 80,9%. Conclusão: O PARDt é uma ferramenta simples e precisa para identificar o risco de penetração e/ou aspiração em pacientes que não são alimentados por sonda, que apresentam bom nível de alerta, sem histórico de pneumonias de repetição, que não estejam em vigência de pneumonia e que não façam uso de cânula de traqueostomia.
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Referências
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Submetido em:
03/07/2019
Aceito em:
27/10/2019
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